DHAKA: The US has imposed fresh tariffs on $112bn (£92bn) of Chinese imported goods.
The new tariffs are sharp escalation in the bruising trade war between the world's two largest economies, reports BBC.
The move is the first phase of US President Donald Trump's latest plan to place 15% duties on $300bn of Chinese imports by the end of the year.
In response, Beijing introduced tariffs on US crude oil, the first time fuel has been targeted.
If fully imposed, Mr Trump's programme would mean that nearly all Chinese imports - worth about $550bn - would be subject to punitive tariffs.
What was initially a dispute over China's allegedly unfair trade practices is increasingly seen as a geopolitical power struggle.
So far, Washington has imposed tariffs on some $250bn of Chinese goods to pressure Beijing into changing its policies on intellectual property, industrial subsidies, market access, and the forced transfers of technology to Chinese firms.
Beijing has consistently denied that it engages in unfair trade practices, and has retaliated with tariffs on $110bn of US products.
Businesses are finding it increasingly hard to navigate the uncertainty of the long-running trade dispute.
Analysts say that in view of the latest escalation, the prospect of a resolution looks grim.
"It's difficult at this stage to see how there can be a deal or at least a good deal," Julian Evans-Pritchard, a senior China economist at Capital Economics, told the BBC.
"Since talks broke down back in May, the position of both sides has hardened and there have been other complications, namely the Huawei ban and Hong Kong protests, which have made it even more difficult to bridge the gap."
The US government put Huawei on a trade blacklist in May, while President Trump has tied protests in Hong Kong to a possible trade deal with China.
What is expected on 1 September?
The US is due to impose a 15% tariff on $300bn worth of Chinese goods by the end of the year in two rounds.
The first round of duties is in force from 1 September and analysts expect those tariffs will target imports worth about $150bn.
The Office of the United States Trade Representative would not clarify the value of goods due to be hit with tariffs this month.
Products to be targeted in September range from meat and cheese to pens and footwear.
The 15% rate supersedes the 10% originally planned and was announced last week as tensions between the two sides escalated.
China has retaliated with a 5% levy on crude oil, along with measures targeting $75bn of US goods.
The measures included extra tariffs of 5% and 10% on nearly 1,717 targeted products.
How has industry reacted?
Mr Trump has repeatedly argued that China pays for tariffs, but many US companies have rebutted that claim.
More than 200 footwear firms - including Nike and Converse - said the new duties would add to existing tariffs of up to 67% on some shoes, driving up costs for consumers by $4bn each year.
They said the incoming tariffs on footwear would "also mean these massive tax increases hit tens of millions of Americans when they purchase shoes during the holiday season".
The American Chamber of Commerce in China also voiced concerns after the US said it was going ahead with new tariffs.
"Our members have long been clear that tariffs are paid by consumers and harm business," it said in a statement.
"We urge... that both sides work towards a sustainable agreement as soon as possible that resolves the fundamental, structural issues foreign businesses have long faced in China."
What's next?
President Trump has said that trade teams from the US and China are continuing to talk and will meet in September, but further details have not been publicly confirmed.
From 15 December, the second phase of 15% tariffs will be rolled out on the remainder of Chinese good not previously affected.
This includes technology like phones and computers which President Trump has sought to protect until now.
On the same date, China will roll out tariffs on around 3,000 more US products.
The Trump administration plans, in addition, to raise the rates on existing duties from 25% to 30% on 1 October.
Mr Evans-Pritchard from Capital Economics said this rate could increase further still.
"The tariff rate could go all the way up to 45%," he said. "Those are the goods that do the most damage to China and the least collateral damage to the US."
BDST: 1214 HRS, SEP 1, 2019
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